Scholarship Symposium

Presenters: Taheim Eady, Ndey Fatou Njie, and Rebekah Omoruyi
Faculty Advisor: Shari Wherry

The healthcare system of the United Kingdom (UK) works on providing free healthcare to all. The United Kingdom is inclusive of four countries; Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, and England. The UK utilizes taxes to provide free healthcare to its citizens. Their governing body uses the Barnett formula to determine how much money should be distributed to each country (Charlesworth, 2019). Although the national health service (NHS) is often thought to be a national healthcare system, there are noticeable differences across the United Kingdom's four nations (Cylus et al., 2015). There are many pros and cons to the healthcare system infrastructure that the UK employs. This country suffers from a chronic shortage of medical doctors, which reflects the waning quality of care its citizens' experience when they need specialized care. The UK spends the lowest per capita on healthcare system-related research compared to the United States and Canada; however, the UK has shown the most impact on healthcare system performance (Barer & Bryan, 2017).

Presenters: Ashton Joyner, Carey Grace Peebles, and Rachel Reeves
Faculty Advisor: Shari Wherry

China has the world's largest population at 1.4 billion people, and its healthcare system has undergone many changes to try to meet individuals' needs (World Bank, 2021b). One of the major changes China made to its system was developing universal insurance coverage (Fang, 2019). As of 2018, the average health expenditure per capita in China was equivalent to $501, which was significantly less in comparison to the United States (World Bank, 2021a). This poster presentation aims to compare healthcare in China with the United States in eight different aspects to identify strengths and weaknesses present in global healthcare systems. The topics to compare include the following: the payer system, financing/supply, reimbursement, production, provider choice, challenges, world ranking, and gross domestic product spent on healthcare.

Presenters: Teresa Johnson, Ashley Jones, and Timothy Lovelace
Faculty Advisor: Shari Wherry

In 2017, the life expectancy at birth in the United States was 78.6 years (Murphy et al., 2017), while in Finland it was 81.7 years (OECD, 2017). Circulatory diseases, including cardiovascular disease and stroke are the leading causes of death, and in recent years, dementia have risen to the second leading cause of death (OECD, 2017). Among 188 countries studied, Finland is in the top seven for healthcare quality (Study, 2018). A poster on the Finnish healthcare system will be created and will discuss the payer system, financing/supply, reimbursement, production, provider choice, challenges, WHO world ranking, and gross domestic product spent on healthcare. This poster will be used for comparing healthcare systems from other countries created by other members of the DNP Nursing Health Policy and Economics class.

Presenters: Lori Hurlbut, Casey White, and Marcus Williams
Faculty Advisor: Shari Wherry

Egypt has a diverse health care system. This diversity is due to the various public and private providers and financing divisions (Pande et al., 2017). With a population of 82 million, government spending on healthcare has declined, thus causing 60% of healthcare expenses to come from out-of-pocket payments (Rashad & Sharaf, 2015). This presentation will discuss Egypt's economics and healthcare system in comparison to other developing countries. A poster will be presented including the following categories for comparison: payer system, financing/supply, reimbursement, production, provider choice, challenges, world ranking, and gross domestic product spent on health care. The purpose of this presentation will be to educate colleagues at the Union University Scholarship Symposium about the healthcare system in Egypt in comparison to the United States and other countries presented within the class.

Presenters: David Barrera Jr., Hoa (Henry) Nguyen, and Jesús R. Zambrano
Faculty Advisor: Shari Wherry

This project aims to examine India's healthcare system by presenting an analysis of its overall function and how it reflects on India's economy. India utilizes a universal healthcare system. This healthcare system is free to all, but there are multiple challenges: lack of healthcare awareness, healthcare access, lack of healthcare workers, and cost of healthcare (Kasthuri, 2018). With India's population growing at an exponential rate, there is a possibility that the universal healthcare system may become overwhelmed and fail given their healthcare system ranks 112 according to the World Health Organization (2021). However, over the last thirty years, the private healthcare sector has barged in and alleviated some of this stress but at the same time has caused India patients to pay approximately 75% out of pocket costs to receive healthcare (Kasthuri, 2018).

Presenters: Juanjeca Barrow, Shayla Cue, and Laquitta Wilkins
Faculty Advisor: Shari Wherry

The purpose of this presentation is to provide a comparison of the economic information for Australia's healthcare system to other nations, as well as Australia's overall world ranking in several defining categories. The Australian structure offers its citizens several options for access and coverage. It operates under a hybrid model where Australian citizens, permanent residents, and refugees can benefit from both a publicly funded Medicare option and purchase privately owned insurance (Dixit & Sambasivan, 2018). The public is taxed 1.5% to fund the public option and 2.5% for families and those without private insurance. In 2019, 9.3% of the Australian gross domestic product (GDP) went to healthcare and averaged $5,187 per capita in healthcare expenditures (OECD, 2021). Some inconsistencies concerning the government's obligations for primary health care has resulted in uncoordinated care amongst health care providers (Freeman et al., 2021). As a result, Australia encounters difficulties such as resource allocation and improvement in patient satisfaction (Dixit & Sambasivan, 2018).

Presenters: Katherine Faltot, Cory Riley, and Olivia Sognesand
Faculty Advisor: Shari Wherry

Spain and the United States both have similarities and differences in their healthcare systems. The overview of this presentation discusses the challenges, healthcare coverage, and provider choice differences in Spanish healthcare. Spain, like the United States (U.S), experiences a large influx of immigrants of diverse backgrounds. Immigration challenges the healthcare systems by increasing healthcare inequalities (Ledoux et al., 2018). In terms of coverage, Spain offers universal coverage of approximately 99.5% (Bernal-Delgado et al., 2018). According to Bernal-Delgado (2018), public health is also provided to those who are unemployed, retirees, and contributors to social security. The provider choice policy in Spain requires patients to opt-out of the Statutory Public System. However, patients can choose their own primary care provider (PCP). Each PCP has a limited number of patients they are allowed at any given time (Abásolo & López, 2017).

Presenters: Inga Paige Juchheim and Asmait Rezene
Faculty Advisor: Shari Wherry

According to Clarfield et al. (2017), Israel remains a country that spends a reasonably low amount per capita in healthcare but has a higher life expectancy compared to other developed countries. Life expectancy is currently 80.9 years (OECD, 2020). An increase of 7.6% in gross domestic product (GDP) has reached a plateau in recent years. Israel's universal health insurance is funded by both government revenue and income tax. Presently, Israel's 8.5 million inhabitants must enroll in a healthcare plan option (Clarfield et al., 2017). The purpose of this project is to assess Israel's healthcare system in terms of choice of provider, production, supply options, finance, reimbursement, payer system, world ranking, challenges, and GDP spending.

Presenters: Aaron Drees, Jamie Ellerbrook, and Colton Gramse
Faculty Advisor: Shari Wherry

Like the United States, healthcare in Mexico is comprised of both private and public sectors and is divided into three sub-systems: the “privately insured, the publicly insured, and the uninsured� (Bautista-Gonzalez et al., 2021, p. 1). Excessive out-of-pocket payments often restrict individual access to services (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2019). Comprehensive rights to individual health, access to health services, and health care economic reform have become a priority concern for the Mexican health system (Barraza-Llorens et al., 2002). According to the World Health Organization, public resources for health have become more equitably distributed, thereby increasing the access to healthcare for many individuals. Increased federal funding in Mexico is working to establish access for both public and private financing of national healthcare (Frenk et al., 2009). This group will present a poster examining the healthcare structure in Mexico compared to the United States.

Presenters: Kristen Butler and Christina Lumpkin
Faculty Advisor: Shari Wherry

Not since Mikhail Gorbachev and the U.S.S.R., has there been so much discussion about Russia. As of late, current President Vladimir Putin and former President Donald Trump have once again made Russia a household name in the United States. Nonetheless, what does one really know about the status of Russian life today? The US has a reputation of being one of the richest but unhealthiest countries. How does Russia compare? According to Jakovljevic et al. (2019), “The rapidly developing nations of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS nations) have a combined economic output that makes BRICS countries the world's major emerging economies� (p. 516). As part of the learning objectives for NUR 725 Nursing Health Policy and Economics, a poster presentation will be composed that overviews Russia's payer system, financing/supply, reimbursement, production, provider choice, challenges, world health organization ranking (WHO), and gross domestic product (GDP) spent on healthcare.

Presenters: Roman Comer, Mason Matzek, and Oktay Mustafayev
Faculty Advisor: Shari Wherry

Germany's national healthcare system provides high-quality care, maintains reasonable costs associated with health insurance, and allows its citizens to freely choose their healthcare providers (Rajfur & Hys, 2018). Since the passage of Bismarck's Health Insurance Act of 1883, Germany has been a leader in providing universal healthcare to its population (Busse et al., 2017). The current public statutory health insurance program is a primary source of funding for Germany's healthcare-related costs. Roughly 90% of German citizens are covered under the public statutory health program while the remaining 10 % are covered by private insurance (OECD, 2019). According to OECD (2019), 11.2% of Germany's gross domestic product was spent on healthcare in 2017, and Germans reported nearly zero unmet medical needs. However, Germany still encounters many challenges, including sustainability of long-term care, an aging workforce, and over-utilization of hospital care (OECD, 2019).

Presenters: Jennifer Bunte, Ashley Diaz, and Chuncey Ward
Faculty Advisor: Shari Wherry

The ability to supply adequate, cost-efficient healthcare and fulfill most citizens' differing needs is a challenging task for many developed countries. Governments and healthcare officials wrestle with ways to provide essential services and support their people without crippling the system and stripping the prestige and worth from high-earning degrees in medicine. Some countries have been more progressive and created different ways to manage and improve, while others continue to struggle. The economic and political factors that control these systems vary from country to country and for different reasons. In this poster, we will expand on Canada's healthcare system and compare it to other developed countries. Special attention will be placed on the payer system, financing/supply, reimbursement, production, provider choice, challenges, world ranking (WHO), and gross domestic product spent on healthcare.