Origins of Theatre

[ Origins of Theatre ]=20 [ Theatre and Drama in Ancient Greece<= /A> ]=20 [ Roman and Byzantine Theatre and Dram= a ]=20 [ European Drama in the Middle Ages ]=20 [ Italian Theatre and Drama ]=20 [ English Theatre Middle Ages to 1642<= /A> ]=20 [ Spanish Theatre to 1700 ]=20 [ Theatre in France--1500-1700 ]=20 [ Theatre of the Orient ]=20 [ English Theatre, 1642-1800 ]=20 [ Italy and France - 18th Century&= nbsp;]=20 [ Northern and Eastern Europe - 18th&n= bsp;Century ]=20 [ Europe & the U.S. - 19th Ce= ntury ]=20 [ Europe and the U.S. - Late 19th= Century ]=20 [ Modern Theatre, 1875-1915 ]=20 [ Europe/ U.S. Between the Wars ]<= /NOBR>=20 [ Europe and the U.S., 1940-68 ]=20 [ Drama After 1968 ]

=20

I. Origins of Theatre

Little information about the origin=20 of theatre has survived. The information we do have comes from = wall=20 paintings, decorations, artifacts, and hieroglyphics that show the = importance of successful hunts, seasonal changes, life cycles, and = stories=20 of the gods. From these we see the necessity of passing along the=20 experiences of the old to the young through art, storytelling, and = dramatizing events. This practice gave the youth of a culture a = guide and=20 a plan for their own lives.

Theatre emerged from myth=20 , ritual, and ceremony. Early societies perceived connections = between=20 certain actions performed by the group or leaders in the group and = the=20 desired results of the whole society. These actions moved from = habit, to=20 tradition, and then on to ceremony and ritual. The formulation of = these=20 actions, and the consequent repetition and rehearsal, broke the = ground for=20 theatre.

According to the mythologist Joseph=20 Campbell, rituals are related to three basic concerns: = pleasure,=20 power, and duty. Power- influencing and controlling events- was = often the=20 intention of rituals such as ceremonies to guarantee a successful = crop or=20 to please the gods. Usually societies had rituals that glorified=20 supernatural powers, victories, and heroes. Often supernatural = forms would=20 be represented using costumes and masks. Rituals that were = practiced as=20 duty to the gods, also brought entertainment and pleasure.

These rituals are accompanied by myths. The myths enter the=20 storytelling tradition, gaining a life beyond the original rites. = This new=20 life allows the myths to move towards entertainment and the = esthetic.=20 These stories now are performed for their own sake and move = towards=20 theatre.

Through these rituals, leaders, or actors of sorts, emerged. = These=20 acting/leadership roles were often filled by elders and priests. = In=20 addition, the beginnings of acting spaces or auditoriums developed = as a=20 result of more elaborate rituals.

The earliest example of ceremony and ritual evolving towards = theatre=20 comes from ancient Egypt. "Pyramid texts" dating from 2800 to 2400 = B.C.,=20 contain dramas sending the dead pharaoh off to the underworld. = These=20 dramas also the continuity of life and the pharaoh's power. There = is also=20 the Memphite Drama, recounting the story of the death and = resurection of=20 the god Osiris, and the coronation of his son Horus. The most = important=20 Egyptian drama, though, was the Abydos passion play. Like the = Memphite=20 drama, the Abydos passion play concerns the story of Osiris. The = paramont=20 egyptian myth, this drama was enacted at the most sacred place in = Egypt,=20 Abydos- the burial site of Osiris. .Performed annualy from 2500 to = 550=20 B.C. and full of spectacle, this passion play is the first of its = kind=20 ever recorded and is the first example of=20 theatre.

Links to = Chapter 1=20

Myth

Links to=20 Mythology and = Storytelling.

=20

Joseph = Campbell

	Joseph Campbell = Foundation -=20 mission is to preserve, protect, and perpetuate = Campbell's=20 pioneering work.=20 =
	Joseph=20 Campbell's Mystic = Journey

Poetics

Origins of = Theatre,

Theatre=20 = History.com

Ancient = Theatre

Theatre=20 History.com- = ancient

W.ild W.onderful W.orld of Theatre History

The purpose of this project is to show the = highlights of different periods of theatre history, = including plays,=20 acting styles, staging convention, costuming, and = playwrights. Web=20 links have been provided so that students can find = additional=20 information on items of=20 = interest.

[ Origins of Theatre ] = [ Theatre and Drama in Ancient Greece<= /A> ]=20 [ Roman and Byzantine Theatre and Dram= a ]=20 [ European Drama in the Middle Ages ]=20 [ Italian Theatre and Drama ]=20 [ English Theatre Middle Ages to 1642<= /A> ]=20 [ Spanish Theatre to 1700 ]=20 [ Theatre in France--1500-1700 ]=20 [ Theatre of the Orient ]=20 [ English Theatre, 1642-1800 ]=20 [ Italy and France - 18th Century&= nbsp;]=20 [ Northern and Eastern Europe - 18th&n= bsp;Century ]=20 [ Europe & the U.S. - 19th Ce= ntury ]=20 [ Europe and the U.S. - Late 19th= Century ]=20 [ Modern Theatre, 1875-1915 ]=20 [ Europe/ U.S. Between the Wars ]<= /NOBR>=20 [ Europe and the U.S., 1940-68 ]=20 [ Drama After 1968 ]=20 =

This page is the property = of Scott R.=20 Robinson and may not reflect the opinions of CWU nor any of its=20 departments
Material on this web site may be used for = educational=20 purposed, if this footer is included.
Grateful = appreciation=20 is extended for all the links that assist in sharing this = information with=20 my classes.
All Rights Reserved = =EF=BF=BD 2000 -=20 2005
Webmaster

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